How do immigrants make us more innovative?
Watch this brief video where Zeke Hernandez discusses how immigrants contribute to innovation in various sectors.
Key Insights on Immigrant Innovation
- Technology: Immigrants significantly contribute to advancements in “highbrow” technology and scientific research. They’re only 16% of inventors in the US, but are responsible for 36% of all patents.
- Everyday Products: Beyond high-tech, immigrants introduce new tastes, products, and services that quickly become mainstream and diversify what you spend time and money on—like foods, sports, music, leisure activities, and hobbies.
- Consumers: Immigrants don’t just increase the amount of consumption, they also increase its variety. This makes the demand-side of the economy more vibrant and dynamic.
- Innovative Companies: Both the highbrow and lowbrow innovations brought by immigrants are disproportionately commercialized—and make it to your doorstep—by companies started by immigrants
- Win-win: By introducing new ideas, products, and services immigrants make native-born inventors, workers, and entrepreneurs more creative and innovative.
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How To Talk About Immigration
Conversations about immigration can be challenging due to its politicization, leading to avoidance, echo chambers, or confrontations.
This guide offers principles based on expert research and the author’s experiences, aimed at facilitating constructive discussions about immigration.
Case Studies/Examples
Use these questions to spark thoughtful conversations about undocumented immigration, its impacts, and potential solutions.
- Zeke Hernandez, “Innovations We Take For Granted”, Substack, https://zekrets.substack.com/p/innovations-we-take-for-granted
- Robert Rodriguez, “Tortillas Are the New White Bread,” Fresno Bee, May 11, 2016, https://www.fresnobee.com/living/food-drink/article76857812.html.
- Bill Gifford, “Can Duolingo Actually Teach You Spanish?,” Bloomberg, December 2, 2022, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-12-02/duolingo-plus-gave-fans-of-free-app-a-cost-worth-paying.
- Yitzi Weiner, “The Inspiring Backstory of Eric S. Yuan, Founder and CEO of Zoom,” Thrive Global (blog), May 22, 2023, https://medium.com/thrive-global/the-inspiring-backstory-of-eric-s-yuan-founder-and-ceo-of-zoom-98b7fab8cacc.
- Erika Fry, “How the Biotech Investor Behind Moderna Is Using the ‘Immigrant Mindset’ to Take on COVID-19,” Fortune, May 19, 2020, https://fortune.com/2020/05/19/leadership-next-moderna-noubar-afeyan-flagship-pioneering-coronavirus-vaccine/.
Prompting Meaningful Dialogue
Use these questions to spark thoughtful conversations about the innovative contributions of immigrants.
- What are some examples of high-tech innovations driven by immigrants?
- Picture yourself walking through your favorite supermarket. Make a list of all the things you normally see on the aisles that were introduced by immigrants. How many can you come up with?
- Think of the things you enjoy for recreation—like sports, music, or art. How have immigrants contributed to those areas of enjoyment in your life?
- Think of an example in which you have come up with a new idea or been more creative because you interacted with someone from a different national background.
Further reading and research:
Ready to learn more? Access detailed studies, articles, and reports that provide a factual, in-depth look at the contributions and impacts of immigrants in our society.
- Shai Bernstein, Rebecca Diamond, Abhisit Jiranaphawiboon, Timothy McQuade, and Beatriz Pousada, “The Contribution of High-Skilled Immigrants to Innovation in the United States,” Working Paper 30797, National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2022, https://doi.org/10.3386/w30797.
- Prithwiraj Choudhury and Do Yoon Kim, “The Ethnic Migrant Inventor Effect: Codification and Recombination of Knowledge Across Borders,” Strategic Management Journal 40, no. 2 (2019): 203–29, https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2977
- W. R. Kerr, “Ethnic Scientific Communities and International Technology Diffusion,” Review of Economics and Statistics 90, no. 3 (2008): 518–37, https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.3.518
- Dario Diodato, Andrea Morrison, and Sergio Petralia, “Migration and Invention in the Age of Mass Migration,” Journal of Economic Geography 22, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 477–98, https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbab032.
- Francesco Di Lorenzo, Anupama Phene, Paul Almeida, and Larissa Rabbiosi, “Building on Immigrant Knowledge: Non-Ethnic Community Inventors and Knowledge Sourcing Behavior,” Copenhagen Business School, 2019, https://research.cbs.dk/en/publications/building-on-immigrant-knowledge-non-ethnic-community-inventors-an.
- Petra Moser and Shmuel San, “Immigration, Science, and Invention. Lessons from the Quota Acts,” SSRN Scholarly Paper, March 21, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3558718.
- Kirk Doran and Chungeun Yoon, “Immigration and Invention: Evidence from the Quota Acts,” working paper, University of Notre Dame, n.d.
- Amandine Aubry, Michał Burzyński, and Frédéric Docquier, “The Welfare Impact of Global Migration in OECD Countries,” Journal of International Economics 101 (July 1, 2016): 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.03.005.
- “Taxes and Spending Power: How Immigration Plays a Critical Role,” New American Economy, accessed August 22, 2023, https://www.newamericaneconomy.org/issues/taxes-spending-power/.
- J. Merritt Melancon, “Thirty Years of Change: Consumer Buying Power Is More Diverse than Ever,” UGA Today (blog), August 11, 2021, https://news.uga.edu/selig-multicultural-economy-report-2021/.
- Lauren Cohen, Umit G. Gurun, and Christopher Malloy, “Resident Networks and Corporate Connections: Evidence from World War II Internment Camps,” Journal of Finance 72, no. 1 (2017): 207–48, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12407.
- D. M. Gould, “Immigrant Links to the Home Country: Empirical Implications for US Bilateral Trade Flows,” Review of Economics and Statistics 76, no. 2 (1994): 302–16, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2109884
- J. E Rauch and V. Trindade, “Ethnic Chinese Networks in International Trade,” Review of Economics and Statistics 84, no. 1 (2002): 116–30;
- P. P Combes, M. Lafourcade, and T. Mayer, “The Trade-Creating Effects of Business and Social Networks: Evidence from France,” Journal of International Economics 66, no. 1 (2005): 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2004.07.003
- Keith Head and John Ries, “Immigration and Trade Creation: Econometric Evidence from Canada,” Canadian Journal of Economics 31, no. 1 (1998): 47–62, https://doi.org/10.2307/136376
- Francesca Mazzolari and David Neumark, “Immigration and Product Diversity,” Journal of Population Economics 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 1107–37, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-011-0355-y.
- Pierre Azoulay, Benjamin F. Jones, J. Daniel Kim, and Javier Miranda, “Immigration and Entrepreneurship in the United States,” American Economic Review: Insights 4, no. 1 (March 2022): 71–88, https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20200588.
- Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr, “Immigrant Entrepreneurship,” Working Paper 22385, National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2016, https://doi.org/10.3386/w22385.
- Ilya Strebulaev, @IlyaStrebulaev, “Where Were Unicorn Founders Born?,” Twitter, January 13, 2022, https://twitter.com/IlyaStrebulaev/status/1481662020659257349
- Stuart Anderson, “Immigrant Entrepreneurs and U.S. Billion-Dollar Companies,” National Foundation for American Policy, 2022, https://nfap.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2022-BILLION-DOLLAR-STARTUPS.NFAP-Policy-Brief.2022.pdf.
- New American Economy, “New American Fortune 500 in 2019: Top American Companies and Their Immigrant Roots,” SHRM Executive Network, March 14, 2022, https://www.shrm.org/executive/resources/articles/pages/companies-with-immigrant-roots.aspx.
- Kyung Min Lee, Mee Jun Kim, J. David Brown, John S. Earle, and Zhen Liu, “Are Immigrants More Innovative? Evidence from Entrepreneurs,” working paper, March 6, 2023.
- Jorge Guzman, Inara Tareque, and Dan Wang, “The Impact of High Skilled Immigration on Regional Entrepreneurship,” SSRN Scholarly Paper, March 21, 2022, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4063282.